What is Brain Cancer?

There are many different types, grades and forms of brain tumours and brain cancer. Find a summary of these areas together with useful additional references for more information.

Types of Brain Cancer

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms may be associated with the type, size, and/or location of the tumour. Learn about the common signs and symptoms of brain tumours here.

Getting Diagnosed

Most people diagnosed with a brain tumour see their general practitioner (GP) because they’re feeling unwell. Sometimes people will experience sudden symptoms, like a seizure, and go directly to a hospital. You can learn about how brain cancers are diagnosed here.

Treatments

The treatment options for brain tumour and brain cancer patients are not extensive; a summary of those available is provided here.

Clinical Trials

If you have a brain tumour you may consider taking part in a clinical trial. In the past, clinical trials were often seen as a last resort for people who had no other treatment choices. Today, people often have the option of receiving their first cancer treatment in a clinical trial.

For Clinicians

Provided is a list of useful resources and information for clinicians. Read more here.

Frequently Asked Questions

Read the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions of Cure Brain Cancer Foundation.

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Brain Cancer

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Grades of Brain Cancer

Grades of Brain Cancer - Row 1

Types of Brain Cancer - Row 1

Types of Brain Cancer - Row 2

Types of Brain Cancer - Row 3

Types of Brain Cancer - Row 4

Types of Brain Cancer - Row 5

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Learn more about brain cancer, a disease that around 1900 people are diagnosed with in Australia annually.

Brain Cancer - Cure Brain Cancer Foundation

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Causes of Brain Cancer

Primary and Secondary Brain Cancer

Brain Cancer Grades

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Acoustic Neuroma

Astrocytoma

Brain Stem Glioma

Chordoma 

CNS Lymphoma

Craniopharyngioma

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)

Diffuse Midline Glioma

Ependymoma

Glioblastoma (GBM)

Medulloblastoma 

Meningioma

Metastatic Brain Tumours 

Mixed Glioma

Oligodendrogliomas 

Optic Nerve Glioma 

Pineal Tumours 

Pituitary Tumours 

Primitive Neuroectodermal (PNET) 

Rhabdoid Tumour 

Schwannoma

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Early Access to Palliative Care

Cost of Treatments and Care

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Living with Brain Cancer

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Our Research Strategy

2025 Guardian Trust Early Career Fellowship: Dr Susannah Hallal

2021 Early Career Fellowship: Dr Yolanda Sanguino

2022 Mid-Career Fellowship: Dr Hsiao Voon

Role of targeting in the management of malignant brain tumours

Microglia targeting of glioblastoma and establishment of a new glioma imaging model

CNS tumours in children: a potential role for the folate metabolic pathway 

Vascular biomarkers in malignant glioma

Can we find genes that predict which GBM patient will become a long term survivor?

The Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway in Glioma Pathogenesis

Proteomic profiling of glioblastoma multiforme: using protein signatures to define patients with a favourable outcome and to identify protein targets for therapeutic intervention

Using the power of the immune system to treat glioblastoma

New windows into the brainstem and DIPG tumours

Exploiting chloroquine as an anti-glioma agent

Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative

Improving the radiosensitivity of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) by targeting hypoxia and sugar metabolism 

Growth factor mediated suppression of TGF-B signalling enhances brain tumour development

Cure Brain Cancer Foundation’s 2019 contribution to the DIPG Collaborative

A comprehensive methylation analysis of 1p and 19q: a method to identify putative tumour suppressor genes in gliomas

Targeted delivery of hypoxia selective anticancer agents - a new approach for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

Pre-clinical evaluation of TRAIL sensitivity in malignant glioma

Using novel approaches to regulate cancer DNA for treatment of brain cancer and in breast cancer spread to the brain

Will selective p38 MAPK inhibitor prevent brain tumour progression and metastasis?

Visiting Academic Program at the Lowy Cancer Research Centre

Brain Cancer Translational Research Officer

Cure Brain Cancer Foundation’s 2018 contribution to the DIPG Collaborative

Delivering the right drug to the right patient: predictive biomarker discovery

Validating a blood test for glioma diagnosis and monitoring

Imaging and molecular determinants of response to chemoradiation in glioblastoma

Improving immunotherapy outcomes in brain cancer

A pilot study of nivolumab in paediatric patients with hypermutant cancers

Cure Brain Cancer Biomarker and Translational Research Lab (Funded in partnership with the Love for Lachie fundraising group)

Cure for Life Chair in Neuro-Oncology Fund

Using mini-brain models for personalised brain cancer care

Testing novel drugs and developing novel models of recurrent disease to find a cure for brain cancer

SEQuential ImmunoTherapy in patients with Underserved Rare cancers (SEQUITUR)

Epigenetic defects in glioma: towards a new therapeutic strategy

Australasian participation in the international BIOMEDE (Biological Medicine for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Eradication) study 

Uncovering novel drug targets to treat primary brain cancer

Mixing old treatments with new drugs to cure brain cancer

Powering and arming the immune system to combat Glioblastoma

The therapeutic targeting of cell cycle regulators and mechanisms of resistance to cell cycle therapy in Medulloblastoma

Designing Immune Killer Cells for Adults and Children with Brain Cancer

Cure Brain Cancer Foundation’s 2017 contribution to the DIPG Collaborative

Pharmacological inhibition of MCL-1 and BCL-XL to treat human brain cancer

Cure Brain Cancer Foundation’s 2016 contribution to the DIPG Collaborative

Wainwright Laboratory Research as Part of the John Trivett Fellowship for Brain Cancer

New cures for brain cancer, using novel technology for cancer-cell targeted drug discovery

Cure Brain Cancer Head of Biomarker and Translational Research

Zero Childhood Cancer: Children’s Cancer Institute Personalised Medicine Program

VEliparib, Radiotherapy and Temozolomide trial in newly diagnosed Unmethylated MGMT glioblastoma (VERTU)

Plan/ Design/ Master Protocol Development of the international adaptive clinical trial for glioblastoma multiforme

Queensland Brain Tumour Bank

Circulating MicroRNA as a biomarker in brain cancer

Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in high grade glioma

Overcoming resistance to antibody-drug conjugates in glioblastoma patients

A phase 1 and biodistribution study of KB004 (an anti-EphA3 antibody) in patients with glioblastoma

Understanding how epigenetic abnormalities lead to brain cancers

Exceptional response to avastin will lead to the identification of pre-selection biomarkers for use in patients diagnosed with GBM

Developing targeted EphA2 based imaging technology for glioblastoma

Pharmacological inhibition of MCL-1 and BCL-XL to treat human medulloblastoma

Novel targeted chemotherapeutic agents against diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas

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